The effect of whey protein concentrate based edible coating incorporating different concentrations of natamycin and lysozyme-xanthan gum conjugate on ultrafiltrated white cheese shelf life was investigated. Escherichia coli O157: H7 (as an indicator for gram negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (as an indicator of gram-positive bacteria), and Penicillium chrysogenum (as a mold) were inocul...

In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the low molecular weight protein lysozyme can be used as a renal-selective drug carrier for delivery of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril. Typically, such macromolecular drug-targeting preparations are administered intravenously. In the present study, we investigated the fate of captopril-lysozyme following subcutaneous ad...

in recent years, several oconjugation protocols have been developed to improve the functional properties of the enzyme lysozyme. in this study, the optimum conditions of lysozyme – oxidized inulin conjugation and functional properties of the modified lysozyme were investigated. initially, inulin (mw about 25 kda) was oxidized by periodate to provide the reactive carbonyl groups  to attach to am...

Low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWPs) accumulate in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney, which makes these proteins interesting tools for renal drug targeting. We studied this approach using the LMWP lysozyme as a carrier for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Captopril was conjugated to lysozyme via a disulfide bond. The pharmacokinetics of the captopril-lysozyme conju...

BACKGROUND Activated proximal tubular cells play an important role in renal fibrosis. We investigated whether sunitinib and a kidney-targeted conjugate of sunitinib were capable of attenuating fibrogenic events in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. METHODS A kidney-targeted conjugate was prepared by linkage of a sunitinib analog (named 17864) via a platinum-based linker to the kidney-specific carri...

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is being increasingly used for observing protein uptake in porous chromatography resins. Recent CLSM studies have revealed the possible existence of a nondiffusive protein transport mechanism. Observing protein uptake with CLSM requires labeling the protein with a fluorescent probe. This study examines the effect of the probe identity on the subsequent ...

In recent years, several oconjugation protocols have been developed to improve the functional properties of the enzyme lysozyme. In this study, the optimum conditions of lysozyme – oxidized inulin conjugation and functional properties of the modified lysozyme were investigated. Initially, inulin (MW about 25 kDa) was oxidized by periodate to provide the reactive carbonyl groups  to attach to am...

We have synthesized a prodrug of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril by coupling this drug covalently to the low molecular weight protein (LMWP) lysozyme. Such drug-LMWP conjugates can be used for renal drug delivery, since LMWPs accumulate specifically in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. In the present study, we compared the effects of captopril-lysozyme and fr...

The Rho kinase pathway plays an important role in dedifferentiation of epithelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. For testing of the hypothesis that blockade of this cascade within the kidneys might be beneficial in the treatment of renal injury the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y27632 was coupled to lysozyme, a low molecular weight protein that is filtered through the glomerulus and is r...

During renal injury, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in proximal tubular cells plays an important role in the inflammatory events that eventually lead to renal fibrosis. We hypothesized that local inhibition of p38 within these cells may be an interesting approach for the treatment of renal fibrosis. To effectuate this, we developed a renal-specific conjugate of the p3...